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This article will explain why your blood tests are important and give you an introduction to understanding them. If you have questions about blood tests, be sure to speak with your healthcare provider.
KEY POINTS
- Your blood tests can tell your doctor or nurse a great deal about your multiple myeloma (MM), including whether it is under control and how your current treatment is affecting your body
- Your doctor or nurse will need to test your blood on a regular schedule
- One thing your doctor will need to track is your M-protein, an abnormal antibody that cannot fight infections
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Multiple Myeloma and Blood Tests
Your blood tests can tell your doctor or nurse:
- If your MM is under control
- How MM is affecting your body
- Why you may be feeling certain symptoms
- How treatment is affecting your body
Understanding Your Blood Tests
Testing your blood can tell you and your doctor or nurse if you have enough red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets:
- Red blood cells carry oxygen to every part of your body
- White blood cells help fight infections
- Platelets help stop bleeding
Blood tests also can determine if your bones may be getting weaker, increasing the risk of broken bones and pain. Another important blood test can tell if your plasma cells are making large amounts of the M-protein, an abnormal antibody that cannot fight infections.
Common Blood Tests
Your doctor or nurse will need to test your blood on a regular schedule to see exactly how MM affects you.
Here are some common and important blood tests that you may have to undergo:
| Blood Test | Why You May Need This Test |
|---|---|
| CBC or complete blood count | Measures the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in the blood |
| Chemistry/metabolic panel | Checks the level of certain substances such as calcium, serum creatinine, and liver enzymes. The results may show how MM is affecting your bones, heart, kidneys, and liver |
| Immunoglobulin levels | Helps to monitor MM by counting abnormal antibodies |
| Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) | Helps to monitor MM by measuring the abnormal monoclonal protein (M-protein) in the blood |
| Immunofixation | Helps to monitor MM by identifying the types of M-protein in the blood |
| Freelite™ Serum free light chain assay | Helps to monitor MM by measuring immunoglobulin light chains |
Understanding the Test Results
Your blood test results may explain why you have certain symptoms.
| Test Results | Symptoms |
|---|---|
| Low red blood cells | Fatigue or exhaustion, sometimes with weakness, pale skin, and dizziness |
| Low white blood cells | More infections than normal |
| Low platelets | Easily bruised, more bleeding than normal when cut or scraped |
| High blood calcium | Increased thirst and frequent urination, loss of appetite and constipation, sleepy and sometimes confused |
| Increased monoclonal protein (M-protein) | The blood thickens and becomes sticky, which causes shortness of breath, chest pain, and confusion |
Ask your doctor or nurse about your blood tests. They can tell you more about blood tests and test results. Your doctor or nurse can use your blood test results to help manage your MM symptoms.
